Voices ( वाच्य )
अंग्रेजी में दो Voice ( वाच्य ) है –
- Active Voice ( कर्ता वाच्य )
- Passive Voice ( कर्म वाच्य )
जिस वाक्य में कर्ता ( Subject ) प्रमुख होता है अर्थात जहाँ Subject सबसे पहले आता है वह Active Voice है।
जब ( Object ) अर्थात उद्देश्य या कर्म प्रमुख हो , जहाँ Object सबसे पहले आता है वह Passive Voice है।
For Examples :-
- I sing a song ( Active Voice )
- A song is sung by me ( Passive Voice )
जैसा की आपने Tenses में पढ़ा है की Tenses तीन प्रकार के होते है – Present , Past and Future तथा प्रत्येक के चार प्रकार होते है इस प्रकार कुल 12 Tenses होते है परन्तु Passive Voice इनमे से आठ का ही होता है।
- Present Indefinite Tense
- Past Indefinite Tense
- Future Indefinite Tense
- Present Continuous Tense
- Past Continuous Tense
- Present Perfect Tense
- Past Perfect Tense
- Future Perfect Tense
Rules for changing Active into Passive –
- Active Voice का Object , Passive Voice में Subject बन जाता है।
- Active Voice का Subject , Passive Voice में Object बन जाता है।
- Passive Voice बनाने में सभी Tenses में Verb के 3rd form का प्रयोग करते है।
- Tense के अनुसार Passive Voice में helping verb ( सहायक क्रिया ) का प्रयोग करते है।
Indefinite Tense
| Present | Object | is , am . Are | 3rd form of verb | by + doer ( Subject ) |
| Past | Object | was , were | 3rd form of verb | by + doer ( Subject ) |
| Future | Object | will be / shall be | 3rd form of verb | by + doer ( Subject ) |
Present Tense :-
Active Voice Passive Voice
He likes me. I am liked by him .
We obey our parents . Our parents are obeyed by us .
He writes a book . A book is written by him.
They do not like fruits . Fruits are not liked by them .
Does she help me ? Am I helped by her ?
Past Tense :-
Active Voice Passive Voice
He liked me . I was liked by him .
He killed a dog . A dog was killed by him .
He did not write a book . A book was not written by him .
Did she help me ? Was I helped by her ?
Future Tense
Active Voice Passive Voice
We shall meet him . He will be met by us .
He will like me . I will be liked by him .
I will not write a book . A book will not be written by me .
Will she help me ? Shall I be helped by her ?
Continuous Tense
| Present | Object | is , am . Are | being 3rd form of verb | by + doer ( Subject ) |
| Past | Object | was , were | being 3rd form of verb | by + doer ( Subject ) |
Present Tense :-
Active Voice Passive Voice
He is reading a book . A book is being read by him .
He is drawing a cartoon . A cartoon is being drawn by him .
I am not writing a book . A book is not being written by me .
Is she helping me ? Am I being helped by her ?
Past Tense :-
Active Voice Passive Voice
I was reading a book . A book was being read by me .
We were helping them . They were being helped by us .
Was she helping me ? Was I being helped by her .
They were drawing a cartoon . A cartoon was being drawn by them .
Perfect Tense
| Present Tense | Object | has been , have been | 3rd form of verb | by+doer(subject) |
| Past Tense | Object | had been | 3rd form of verb | by+doer(subject) |
| Future Tense | Object | will have been / shall have been | 3rd form of verb | by+doer(subject) |
Present Tense :-
Active Voice Passive Voice
He has read a book . A book has been read by him .
Has she helped me ? Have I been helped by her ?
Aryan has closed the door . The door has been closed by Aryan .
Bulbul has not broken the glass . The glass has not been broken by Bulbul .
Past Tense :-
Active Voice Passive Voice
Reena had sold the car . The car had been sold by Reena .
Had the children eaten all the sweets ? Had all the sweets been eaten by the children ?
The teacher had not told the story . The story had not been told by the teacher.
She had sung a song . A song had been sung by her .
Future Tense
Active Voice Passive Voice
He will have eaten all the sweets . All the sweets will have been eaten by him .
She will have written the book . The book will have been written by her.
You will have not done this work . This work will not have been done by you .
Will they have helped her ? Will she have been helped by them ?
No passive of Perfect Continuous Tense
अगर किसी अंग्रेजी वाक्य की शुरुआत Verb 1st form से होती है तो ‘ Let ‘ को वाक्य के आरम्भ में लगाकर फिर Object इसके बाद verb ‘be ‘ तथा फिर verb 3rd form का प्रयोग करते है।
For Example :-
1. Write this answer . Let this answer be written .
2. Close the door . Let the door be closed .
3. Put this book on the table . Let this book be put on the table .
Other Important examples
- Parents bring up children ( Active )
Children are brought up by parents . ( Passive ) - The girl laughed at me . ( Active )
I was laughed at by the girl ( Passive )
जिस वाक्य की शुरुआत Please से होती है उसका Passive इस प्रकार करते है।
- Please stand up . ( Active )
( कृपया खड़े हो जाओ । ( सक्रिय ) )
You are requested to stand up ( passive )
(आपसे अनुरोध है कि खड़े हो जाएं (निष्क्रिय) - Get out ( Active )
( बाहर निकलें (सक्रिय)
You are ordered to get out . ( Passive )
(तुम्हें बाहर निकलने का आदेश दिया जाता है. ( निष्क्रिय ) - Please work hard . ( Active )
कृपया कड़ी मेहनत करें. ( सक्रिय )
You are advised to work hard . ( Passive )
आपको कड़ी मेहनत करने की सलाह दी जाती है। ( निष्क्रिय )
जिन वाक्यों में Modals जैसे may, might, should, will आदि आ जाए उनमे ‘be’ का प्रयोग कर 3rd form verb लगाते है।
- We should help the needy people . ( Active )
हमें जरूरतमंद लोगों की मदद करनी चाहिए। ( सक्रिय )
The needy people should be helped by us . ( passive )
हमें जरूरतमंद लोगों की मदद करनी चाहिए।’ ( निष्क्रिय ) - I can write this answer . ( Active )
मैं यह उत्तर लिख सकता हूँ. ( सक्रिय )
This answer can be written by me . ( Passive )
यह उत्तर मेरे द्वारा लिखा जा सकता है। ( निष्क्रिय )
जब किसी वाक्य में दो Object हो तब किसी एक Object को रोक लिया जाता है जो की इस प्रकार है-
- He gave me a book .
A book was given to me by him or, I was given a book by him . - Someone has picked his book .
His book has been picked . - What is the time to take milk ?
What is the time for milk to be taken ? - Who broke this toy ?
By whom was this toy broken ? - Take care of your health .
You are advised to take care of your health . - They called him a dragon .
He was called a dragon . - Who did this ?
By whom was this done ?
Change the following sentences from Active to Passive Voice .
- Rohit scored sixty runs .
- Who broke this vase ?
- They made him a minister .
- Gunjan opened the door .
- You are making a soft toy .
- I respect my elders .
- He has finished his home work .
- Ram loves Seema .
- Please come here .
- I was Writing a letter .
Answers
- Sixty runs were scored by Rohit .
- By whom was this vase broken ?
- He was made a minister .
- The door was opened by Gunjan .
- A soft toy is being made by you .
- My elders are respected by me .
- His home work has been finished by him .
- Seema is loved by Ram .
- You are requested to come here .
- A letter was being written by me .